A Study to Assess the effectiveness of Awareness Programme on Organ Donation Among the B.Sc. Nursing students of Arya Nursing College, Changsari, Kamrup (R), Assam
Bandana Devi1, Kricha Deori2, Arati Chhetri3, Dipti Talukdar3, Keisham Remiya3,
Juknu Doyom3, Namrata Sekhawat3, Doho Techi Tara3
1Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Principal, Arya Nursing College, Changsari, Assam, India.
2Department of Medical Surgical Nursing; Faculty of Arya Nursing College, Changsari, Assam, India.
3B.Sc Nursing 4th year, Arya Nursing College, Changsari, Assam, India.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: bandana_nst@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT:
An experimental study was conducted with the objective to assess the pre-test and post-test knowledge on organ donation, to evaluate the effectiveness of awareness programme on organ donation among the B. Sc Nursing students of Arya nursing college, to find out the association between pre-test knowledge on organ donation and selected demographic variables. The students were selected from B. Sc Nursing 2nd year by using purposive sampling technique. Total 50 sample were selected and self-structured questionnaires were used to collect the data and analyzed according to the study objective. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The study findings showed that 8% respondents belong to age group of 17-19 years, 86% belongs to the age group of 20-22 years and 6% belongs to the age group who were more than 22 years. 52% belongs to Hindu religion, 36% belongs to Islam religion, 12% belongs to Christian religion. 84% resides in rural area and 16% resides in Urban area. 14% had attended training programme on organ donation while 86% did not. In pre-test 14% have inadequate knowledge, 74% have moderate knowledge and 12% have adequate knowledge regarding organ donation and in post-test 8% have inadequate knowledge, 72% have moderate knowledge and 20% have adequate knowledge. The mean knowledge score of pre-tests is 14.32 and standard deviation is 3.30. The mean knowledge score of post-tests is 21.66 and standard deviation is 3.14. Hence, it shows that there is increase in mean post-test knowledge score when compared to mean pre-test knowledge score.
KEYWORDS: Organ donation, Awareness programme, Organ donors, Recipient, Transplantation.
INTRODUCTION:
Good health is a prerequisite for the normal functioning of all people at all age. With good health people are able to participate meaningfully in life activities and their countries welfare7.
Organ donation is a legal consent of a person allowing his\her organ to be removed for transplantation purpose either, when alive or after death. The great philosopher of Athens said” What you leave behind is not what is engraved in stone monuments, but what is woven into the lives of others”. It’s is like a prophecy to a time when organ donation and organ transplantation would be a viable option in human life1.
WHO (2019) reported that worldwide, the need of organ donation has increased 5% in liver, kidney and heart transplantation? In that 21.3% of liver and 37.3% kidney transplantation are performed from the living donors. It is an alarming situation, especially in South east Asian countries including India where the increasing in living donors’ rate could lead to commercialization of organ transplantation.
Currently, India has a deceased organ donation rate of 0.52 per million population, which is quite low when compared to the top ten countries worldwide. The estimation gap between need and supply is very huge1.
Lack of awareness regarding organ donation and transplantation is one the serious problem in India not only among the common people but for the people related to health care also. Studies revealed that most of the students, whether from medical or nursing background are not having adequate knowledge, attitude and awareness towards organ donation and the reason for this lacking is because these streams are not having a curriculum which will gives proper weightage to this topic. Furthermore, the reason can be that, those hospitals carrying out organ transplantation are very few and most of them are situated in the metropolitan city2.
NEED OF THE STUDY:
The organ donation and transplantation system strive to honor the gift of donated organs by fully using those organs to save or improve the quality of lives of transplant recipients. As a result of advances achieved through basic and clinical research over the past several decades, organ transplantation has become the optimal treatment for many end-stages, organ-specific diseases. Furthermore, there are not enough donated organs to meet the demand3.
January 2023, as per the organ donation and transplantation statistics there are currently 1,04,234 number of people are waiting for transplants and 17 people die each day waiting for organ transplantation. More than 42,000 transplant were performed in 2022.Every 10 minute another person is added to the transplant waiting list. 85% of the people are added in kidney waiting list, liver 10%, pancreas 1%, heart 3%, others 2%. An estimated 5 lakhs people die while waiting for organ transplant and only 4% of the required 1.5 lakhs kidney transplants surgeries are perform every year across the country4.
Sindhu A, Ramakrishnan, Khera A, Singh G (2017) conducted a study on “A study to assess the knowledge of medical student regarding organ donation in a selected college of Western Maharashtra”. The cross-sectional research design was used in this study 169 respondents of final year MBBS were participated. The participants were selected by simple random sampling technique and who are available at the time of data collection. 54.45% of students were not aware that an individual suffering from infectious disease cannot donate organs. 61% of students were not aware that a national network for organ donation exist in their city. 48.5% of students do not know how to register oneself as an organ donor. The results of the study reveal that there exists a knowledge gap among the students regarding organ donation and there is an urgent need for addressing this knowledge gap that will help in improving the organ donation rate in our country. The above research study shows that there is need of awareness regarding organ donation among the people. Due to lack of knowledge among people there is low rate of organ donation in India especially in the North-Eastern states. Therefore, the researcher felt the need to conduct a study to assess the effectiveness of awareness programme on organ donation among the B. Sc Nursing students of Arya Nursing College, Changsari5.
Raktim Pratim Tamuli, Smritimala Sarmah, Bishwajeet Saikia (2019), conducted a study on “organ donation-attitude and awareness undergraduates and postgraduates of North -East India”. The result of the study reveals that 79.17% (285) of participants were aware about organ donation, and out of whole participants, families of only 3 have donated organ in the past five years. A total number of 12(3.33%) participants have signed up for organ donation. A significant portion of the study population (12.5%) opined that there might be some religious beliefs which are preventing certain strata of local population from donating or accepting organs. More than half (186) (51.67%) of study group opined that there is lack of awareness among people which may be one of the reasons for low rates of organ donation6.
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
A Study to Assess the effectiveness of Awareness Programme on Organ Donation Among the B.Sc. Nursing students of Arya Nursing College, Changsari, Kamrup (R), Assam
OBJECTIVES:
1. To assess the pre-test knowledge on organ donation among B.Sc nursing students of Arya Nursing College.
2. To assess the post-test knowledge on organ donation among B. Sc nursing student of Arya nursing college.
3. To evaluate the effectiveness of awareness programme on organ donation among B. Sc nursing students of Arya nursing college.
4. To find out the association between pre-test knowledge on organ donation and selected demographic variables.
HYPOTHESIS:
H1: There will be significant changes in post-test knowledge score after awareness programme regarding organ donation among the B. Sc Nursing students.
H2: There will be significant association between pre-test knowledge score and the selected demographic variables.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Research Approach: Quantitative research
Research design: One group pre-test post-test experimental research design
Setting: Arya Nursing College, Nij- Sindhurighopa, Changsari, Kamrup (R), Assam
Population: B. Sc Nursing students of Kamrup (R), Assam
Sample: 2nd year B. Sc Nursing students of Arya Nursing College, Nij- Sindhurighopa, Changsari, Kamrup (R), Assam
Sample size: 50 students who fulfill the inclusion criteria
Sample selection criteria:
Inclusion criteria:
· Students of 2nd year B. Sc Nursing.
· Students who are present at the time of data collection.
Exclusion criteria:
Students who are not willing to participate.
Description of tools: It consists of three sections.
Section I: Demographic variable.
Section II: Self - structured questionnaires on organ donation.
Section III: Awareness programme regarding organ donation.
Section I: It consists of 10 demographic variables.
Section II: It consists of 29 multiple choice questions that was prepared to assess the effectiveness of awareness programme on organ donation among the selected samples. Each correct answer was given a score of one (1) and incorrect answer was scored as zero (0).
Scoring was categorized as;
For pre-test score:
Adequate knowledge: >18
Moderate knowledge: 11-18
Inadequate knowledge: < 11
For post-test score:
Adequate knowledge: >24
Moderate knowledge: 18-24
Inadequate knowledge: < 18
Content validity:
The content validity of the tool was obtained by submitting the tool along with lesson plan to 7 experts of different departments i.e., Medical Surgical Nursing, Child Health Nursing, Community Health Nursing and Obstetric and Gynecological Nursing for their opinion and suggestions.
Plan for data analysis:
The data collected will be grouped and analyzed by statistical measures (descriptive and inferential analysis) based on the objectives of the study:
1. Frequency Percentage distribution of demographic variables.
2. Significance of pre- test and post-test knowledge scores by mean, standard deviation and paired-t test.
3. Association between the knowledge of pre-test scores and selected demographic variables will be analyzed by using Chi-square test.
Ethical considerartion:
Formal and administrative permission were taken from the following authorities:
1. The expert committee of Arya Nursing College, Guwahati.
2. Principal of Arya Nursing College, Changsari, Kamrup (R), Assam.
3. Class coordinator of 2nd year B. Sc nursing students of Arya Nursing College.
4. . Consent was obtained from the study samples (B. Sc Nursing 2nd year students) prior to the data collection.
Table 1- Distribution of demographic variables of the samples.
|
DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES |
FREQUENCY |
PERCENTAGE |
|
Age 17-19 years 20-22 years >22 years |
4 43 3 |
8% 86% 6% |
|
Gender Male Female Others |
6 44 0 |
12% 88% 0% |
|
Religion Hindu Islam Christian Others |
26 18 6 0 |
52% 36% 12% 0% |
|
Residence Rural Urban |
42 8 |
84% 16% |
|
Source of information Mass media Health care professionals Friends/ family members |
33 15 2 |
66% 30% 4% |
|
Family background Health professionals Others |
5 45 |
10% 90% |
|
Family history of organ donation and transplantation Yes No |
4 46 |
8% 92% |
|
Whether have attended any training program Yes No |
7 43 |
14% 86% |
|
Whether they will involve in organ donation Yes No |
34 16 |
68% 32% |
|
Whether they will join in organ donation awareness program Yes No |
46 4 |
92% 8% |
RESULTS:
Table no. 1: Show that, age in years: It reveals that among 50 samples, majority 86% were in the age group of 20-22 years, 8% were in the age group of 17-19 years and 6% were in the age group of >22 years. Gender: It reveals that among 50 samples, 88% belongs to female and 12% belongs to male. Religion: It shows that 52% were Hindu, 36% were Islam and 12% were Christian. Residence: It reveals that 84% are from rural area and 16% are from urban area. Source of information: It shows that 66% got information from mass media, 30% got information from health care professionals and 4% got information from friends/family members. Family background: It state that 10% belongs to health professional background and 90% are from other background. Family history of organ donation and transplantation: Among 50 samples, 4 (8%) stated yes and 46 (92%) stated no for given statement. Whether they have attended any training program: It shows that 14% have attended and 86% haven’t attended any training program. Whether they will involve in organ donation: It shows that 68% stated yes and 32% stated no for the given statement. Whether they will join in organ donation awareness program: It reveals that 46 (92%) stated yes and 4 (8% ) stated no for the given statement.
Figure 1.- Pre-test knowledge score on organ donation among the selected sample.
Pie diagram shows that in pre-test, 7 (14%) students had inadequate knowledge, 37(74%) had moderate knowledge and 6 (12%) had adequate knowledge.
Figure 2- Post- test knowledge score on organ donation among the selected samples.
Pie diagram shows that in post-test, 4 (8%) students had inadequate knowledge, 36 (72%) had moderate knowledge and 10 (20%) had adequate knowledge.
Table 2 - Outcome of paired t-test before and after intervention of planned awareness program of knowledge to assess the significant mean difference.
|
Test |
Mean knowledge score |
Standard deviation |
t-test calculated value |
t-test tabulated value |
|
Pre-test |
14.32 |
3.30 |
50.83 |
2.02 |
|
Post-test |
21.66 |
3.14 |
* Significant at 0.05 level
The above table represent that the mean, standard deviation and t- test value of pre-test and post- test knowledge score of the students regarding organ donation. Table indicates that the knowledge score of pre-test and post- test is 14.32 and 21.66 respectively. The post-test knowledge score of students regarding organ donation was found significantly higher after structured teaching programme than the pre-test knowledge score. It is also seen that the calculated paired “t” test value is higher than the tabulated value which is significant at 0.05 level of significance. This indicates that there is significant difference on the knowledge regarding organ donation among the students.
Table no. 3: The above interprets the association between pre-test knowledge score and of the students and selected demographic variables. The computed chi-square value in each case (age, religion, residence) was more than the tabulated value at 0.05 level of significance. So, there is significant association between pre-test knowledge and age, religion and residence. Again, in case like gender, the computed chi-square value is less than the tabulated value at 0.05 level of significance. So, there is not significant association between the pre-test knowledge and gender.
Table 3 - Association between pre-test knowledge score and selected demographic variables (Age, gender, religion, residence).
|
Demographic variables |
Inadequate variable |
Moderate variable |
Adequate variable |
Total |
Cal. value |
Tab. value |
df |
Remarks |
|
|
Age |
|||||||||
|
17-19 years |
2 |
3 |
0 |
5 |
6.32 |
2.78 |
4 |
S |
|
|
19-22 years |
4 |
32 |
7 |
43 |
|||||
|
>22 years |
1 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
|||||
|
Gender |
|||||||||
|
Male |
1 |
4 |
0 |
5 |
0.81 |
2.78 |
4 |
NS |
|
|
Female |
6 |
33 |
6 |
45 |
|||||
|
others |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|||||
|
Religion |
|||||||||
|
Hindu |
2 |
19 |
4 |
25 |
4.53 |
2.45 |
6 |
S |
|
|
Islam |
5 |
14 |
1 |
20 |
|||||
|
Christian |
0 |
4 |
1 |
5 |
|||||
|
Others |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|||||
|
Residence |
|||||||||
|
Rural |
4 |
32 |
6 |
42 |
5.05 |
4.30 |
2 |
S |
|
|
Urban |
3 |
5 |
0 |
8 |
|||||
*S= Significant at 0.05 level; *NS= non-significant at 0.05 level
Table 4 - Association between pre-test knowledge score and selected demographic variables (source of information, family background, close family members/ friends who have donated organ, attended training programme on organ donation, willing to donate organ, willing to participate on organ donation awareness programme).
|
Source of information |
||||||||
|
Mass media |
4 |
25 |
4 |
33 |
1.29 |
2.78 |
4 |
NS |
|
Health care Professional |
3 |
10 |
2 |
15 |
||||
|
Friends and family member |
0 |
2 |
0 |
2 |
||||
|
Family Background |
||||||||
|
Health professionals |
1 |
2 |
1 |
4 |
1.3 |
4.30 |
2 |
NS
|
|
Others |
6 |
35 |
5 |
46 |
||||
|
Yes |
1 |
2 |
1 |
4 |
1.59 |
4.30 |
2 |
NS |
|
No |
6 |
35 |
5 |
46 |
||||
|
Yes |
4 |
4 |
0 |
8 |
10.68 |
4.30 |
2 |
S |
|
No |
3 |
33 |
6 |
42 |
||||
|
Yes |
4 |
25 |
6 |
35 |
3.21 |
4.30 |
2 |
NS |
|
No |
3 |
12 |
0 |
15 |
||||
|
Willing to participate on organ donation awareness programme |
||||||||
|
Yes |
6 |
33 |
6 |
45 |
0.81 |
4.30 |
2 |
NS |
|
No |
1 |
4 |
0 |
5 |
||||
*S= Significant at 0.05 level ; *NS= non-significant at 0.05 level
Table no. 4: It is observed that chi-square was computed between pre-test knowledge and selected demographic variables. In cases (attended training programme on organ-donation the computed chi-square value is more than the tabulated value at 0.05 level of significance. So, there is significant association between pre-test knowledge and attended training programme on organ donation. Again, in cases (like source of information, family background, close family members/ friends who have donated organ, willing to donate organ, willing to participate on organ donation awareness programme) the computed chi-square value is less than the tabulated value at 0.05 level of significance. So, there is not significant association between the pre-test knowledge and source of information, family background, Close family members/ friends who have donated organ, willing to donate organ, willing to participate on organ donation awareness programme.
CONCLUSION:
The present study assessed the he effectiveness of awareness program on organ donation among B. Sc Nursing students of Arya Nursing College, Changsari, Kamrup (R), Assam, the total students were 50. On assessment of level of knowledge, in the pre-test, 7 (14%) students had inadequate knowledge, 37 (74%) had moderate knowledge and 6 (12%) had adequate knowledge whereas in post-test, 4 (8%) students had inadequate knowledge, 36 (72%) had moderate knowledge and 10 (20%) had adequate knowledge. The paired t-test was carried out at 0.05 level of significance. Hence, H1 hypothesis is accepted and H2 hypothesis is rejected. The study concluded that the awareness programme was significantly effective on improving the knowledge of the students of B.Sc. Nursing 2nd year on organ donation.
The chi- square test that was carried out and it was found that out of all the variables gender, sources of information, family background, close family members/ friends who have donated organ, willing to donate organ, willing to participate on organ donation awareness programme were not significant with the level of knowledge at 0.05 level of significance.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
Special thanks to all the participants of the study and principal, faculty members and librarian.
RECOMMENDATION:
1. A similar study can be done in the larger sample for better generalization.
2. A descriptive study can be conducted on the organ donation.
3. A similar study can be conducted among the health care providers to assess knowledge, attitude and practice.
4. A comparative study can be conducted in organ donation among the rural and urban population.
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Received on 26.04.2024 Modified on 24.05.2024
Accepted on 15.06.2024 © A&V Publications all right reserved
Int. J. Nur. Edu. and Research. 2024; 12(3):199-204.
DOI: 10.52711/2454-2660.2024.00042